The word "chemotherapy" without a modifier nowadays usually refers to cancer treatment, but its historical meaning is broader. In the most simple sense, chemotherapy is the treatment of an ailment by chemicals^[8] especially by killing micro-organisms. As such, the term has been used for non-oncological use, such as the use of antibiotics (antibacterial chemotherapy). In that sense, the first modern chemotherapeutic agent was arsphenamine, an arsenic compound discovered in 1909 and used to treat syphilis. This was later followed by sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) and penicillin. Other uses that have been termed chemotherapy are the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, dermatomyositis, polymyositis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis (See DMARDs) and the suppression of transplant rejections (see immunosuppression).